Stockings.. (Musa Jalil) A reminder to the living...

USSR postage stamp, 1966.
USSR postage stamp, 1959. Musa Jalil

(tat. Musa Җәlil, Musa Cəlil, موسى ﺟليل‎), full name
Musa Mustafovich Zalilov (Dzhalilov)
(tat. Musa Mostafa uly Җәlil, Musa Mostafa ulı Cəlil; February 2 (15), 1906, village of Mustafino, O Renburg province (now Mustafino , Sharlyk district, Orenburg region) - August 25, 1944, Berlin) - Soviet Tatar poet and journalist, war correspondent. Hero of the Soviet Union (1956), Lenin Prize laureate (posthumously, 1957). Member of the CPSU(b) since 1929.

Biography

Born the sixth child in the family. Father - Mustafa Zalilov, mother - Rakhima Zalilova (nee Sayfullina).

He studied at the Orenburg Madrasah "Khusainiya", where, in addition to theology, he studied secular disciplines: literature, drawing and singing. At the age of 10-11 he began to write poetry, but, unfortunately, they were lost. The first surviving poem (“Bәhet”) was written by him at the age of 13. In 1919, he joined the Komsomol and continued his studies at the Tatar Institute of Public Education (Orenburg). Participant in the Civil War.

In 1927 he entered the literary department of the ethnological faculty of Moscow State University. After its reorganization, he graduated from the literary department of Moscow State University in 1931. He lived in the same room with law student Varlam Shalamov. Shalamov described him in the story “Student Musa Zalilov” (published in 1972)[2].

In 1931-1932 he was the editor of Tatar children's magazines published under the Central Committee of the Komsomol. Since 1933, he was head of the literature and art department of the Tatar newspaper Kommunist, published in Moscow. There he met Soviet poets A. Zharov, A. Bezymensky, M. Svetlov.

In 1932 he lived and worked in the city of Nadezhdinsk, Sverdlovsk region (modern name - Serov). In 1934, two of his collections were published: “Ordered Millions” on a Komsomol theme and “Poems and Poems”. Worked with youth; on his recommendations A. Alish and G. Absalyamov came to Tatar literature. In 1939-1941 he was the executive secretary of the Writers' Union of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, and worked as the head of the literary department of the Tatar Opera House.

In 1941 he was drafted into the Red Army. With the rank of senior political instructor, he fought on the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts, and was a correspondent for the newspaper “Courage”.

On June 26, 1942, during the Lyuban offensive operation near the village of Myasnoy Bor, Musa Jalil was seriously wounded in the chest and captured[3][4][5][6]. He joined the Idel-Ural legion created by the Germans[7]. In Jedlinsk near Radom (Poland), where the Idel-Ural legion was formed, Musa Jalil joined an underground group created among the legionnaires and organized escapes of prisoners of war.

Taking advantage of the fact that he was assigned to conduct cultural and educational work, Jalil, traveling around prisoner of war camps, established secret connections and, under the guise of selecting amateur artists for the choir chapel created in the legion, recruited new members of the underground organization. He was associated with an underground organization called the “Berlin Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks,” which was headed by N. S. Bushmanov[8][9].

The first formed 825th battalion of the Idel-Ural legion, sent to Vitebsk, raised an uprising on February 21, 1943, during which some of the fighters (about 500-600 people) left the unit’s location and joined the Belarusian partisans with weapons in their hands . The personnel of the remaining 6 battalions of the legion, when trying to use them in combat operations, also often went over to the side of the Red Army and the partisans.

In August 1943, the Gestapo arrested Jalil and most of his underground group a few days before a carefully planned prisoner-of-war uprising. For participation in the underground organization, Musa Jalil was executed by guillotine on August 25, 1944 in Plötzensee prison in Berlin[10].

Jalil, Musa Mustafovich

Born on February 15, 1906 in the village of Mustafino, Orenburg province, in the family of a poor peasant.

Zalilov (Dzhalilov).

He studied at the Muslim spiritual school “Khusainiya” in Orenburg. In 1919 he joined the Russian Communist Youth Union and continued his studies at the Tatar Institute of Public Education. In 1931 he graduated from the literary department of Moscow State University.

He took part in the Civil War, fought against the Orenburg Cossack Army of Alexander Dutov. From 1931 to 1932 he was the editor of Tatar children's magazines published under the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League (VLKSM). Since 1933, he worked as head of the literature and art department of the Tatar newspaper Kommunist, published in Moscow. Since 1935, he was in charge of the literary part of the Tatar studio, formed at the Moscow State Conservatory. Tchaikovsky. In 1939-1941. was the executive secretary of the Writers' Union of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, head of the literary department of the Tatar Opera House. In 1941 he was drafted into the Red Army. He fought on the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts, and was a correspondent for the newspaper “Courage”. In 1942, during the Lyuban operation of the Soviet troops (January 7 - April 30, 1942), he was seriously wounded and captured. He joined the Idel-Ural legion created by the Germans. In Jedlinsk near Radom (Poland), where the legion was formed, he organized an underground group among the legionnaires and organized escapes of prisoners of war. Conducting cultural and educational work, he traveled to concentration camps and, under the guise of selecting amateur artists, recruited new members of the underground organization. He was associated with the “Berlin Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks”, headed by Nikolai Bushmanov. In August 1943 he was arrested by the Gestapo and executed by guillotine on August 25, 1944 in Plötzensee prison in Berlin.

In 1956, Musa Jalil was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In 1957, the series “Moabit Notebooks” was awarded the Lenin Prize.

In 1925, his first collection of poetry, “We Are Coming,” was published, and in 1929, his second, “Comrades.” He wrote songs, poems, poems, plays, and journalism. Based on his poems “Altynchech” and “Ildar”, composer Nazib Zhiganov wrote operas. In 1946, a former prisoner of war brought a notebook with 60 poems by Jalil to the writers' union, then another notebook was sent from Belgium. In 1953, after the death of Joseph Stalin, these poems, called “Moabit Notebooks,” were published in Literaturnaya Gazeta (editor-in-chief Konstantin Simonov).

He was married to Amina Saifullina, and in 1937 they had a daughter, Chulpan.

Posthumous recognition

In 1946, the USSR MGB opened a search case against Musa Jalil. He was accused of treason and aiding the enemy. In April 1947, the name of Musa Jalil was included in the list of especially dangerous criminals.

In 1946, former prisoner of war Nigmat Teregulov brought a notebook with sixty poems by Jalil to the Writers' Union of Tatarstan. A year later, a second notebook arrived from the Soviet consulate in Brussels. She was carried out of the Moabit prison by the Belgian resistance member Andre Timmermans. He shared a cell with Jalil in Moabit prison. At their last meeting, Musa said that he and a group of his comrades would soon be executed, and gave the notebook to Timmermans, asking him to transfer it to his homeland.

There was another collection of poems from Moabit, brought by former prisoner of war Gabbas Sharipov.

In January 1946, a Turkish Tatar citizen, Kazim Mirshan, brought another notebook to the Soviet embassy in Rome. The collection was sent to Moscow, transferred to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, then to the MGB, then to SMERSH.

The “Moabit Notebook” fell into the hands of the poet Konstantin Simonov, who organized the translation of Jalil’s poems into Russian, removed the slanderous slander against the poet and proved the patriotic activities of his underground group[11]. An article by K. Simonov about Musa Jalil was published in one of the central newspapers in 1953, after which the triumphant “procession” of the feat of the poet and his comrades into the national consciousness began. His friend, writer Ghazi Kashshaf, also played a significant role in the rehabilitation of Musa Jalil.

In 1956 he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and in 1957 he became a laureate of the Lenin Prize. In 1966, the poet’s first anniversary was celebrated, organized on a collective farm named after him, in his homeland, in the village of Mustafino, where many famous writers and relatives from different countries were present.

Stockings.. (Musa Jalil) A reminder to the living...

They were shot at dawn, when the darkness around them was white. There were women and children there, and there was this girl. First they told everyone to undress, then everyone had their backs to the ditch, but suddenly a child’s voice was heard. Naive, quiet and lively: “Should I take off my stockings too, uncle?” - Without reproaching, without threatening They looked, as if looking into the soul of a Three-year-old girl's eyes. “Stockings too!” But for a moment the SS man was overcome with confusion. The hand, of its own accord, suddenly lowers the machine gun. He seemed to be shackled by a blue gaze, My soul woke up in horror. No! He cannot shoot her, but he gave the line in a hurry. A girl in stockings fell. I didn’t have time to take it off, I couldn’t. Soldier, soldier! What if your daughter lay here like this? And this little heart is pierced by your bullet! You are a Man, not just a German! But you are a beast among people! ... The SS man walked gloomily towards dawn, without raising his eyes. For the first time, perhaps, this thought ignited in a poisoned brain. And everywhere the blue gaze shone, And everywhere I heard again And will not be forgotten to this day: “Should I take off my stockings too, uncle?”

Musa Jalil

Born February 15, 1906, Mustafino village, Orenburg province (now Mustafino, Sharlyk district, Orenburg region) Died August 25, 1944, Berlin. - Tatar Soviet poet, Hero of the Soviet Union (1956), Lenin Prize laureate (posthumously)

Monument in Kazan.

Posthumous recognition

In 1946, the USSR MGB opened a search case against Musa Jalil. He was accused of treason and aiding the enemy. In April 1947, the name of Musa Jalil was included in the list of especially dangerous criminals.

In 1946, former prisoner of war Nigmat Teregulov brought a notebook with sixty poems by Jalil to the Writers' Union of Tatarstan. A year later, a second notebook arrived from the Soviet consulate in Brussels. She was carried out of the Moabit prison by the Belgian resistance member Andre Timmermans. He shared a cell with Jalil in Moabit prison. At their last meeting, Musa said that he and a group of his Tatar comrades would soon be executed, and gave the notebook to Timmermans, asking him to transfer it to his homeland.

There was another collection of poems from Moabit, brought by former prisoner of war Gabbas Sharipov. Teregulov and Sharipov were arrested. Teregulov died in the camp. Gabbas Sharipov served his sentence (10 years), then lived in the Volgograd region.

In January 1946, a Turkish Tatar citizen, Kazim Mirshan, brought another notebook to the Soviet embassy in Rome. The collection was sent to Moscow, where its trace was lost. The collection was transferred to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, then to the MGB, then to SMERSH. Since 1979, searches for these notebooks have yielded no results.

"Moabite Notebook"

fell into the hands of the poet Konstantin Simonov, who organized the translation of Jalil’s poems into Russian, removed the slanderous slander against the poet and proved the patriotic activities of his underground group[11]. An article by K. Simonov about Musa Jalil was published in one of the central newspapers in 1953, after which the triumphant “procession” of the feat of the poet and his comrades into the national consciousness began. His friend, writer Ghazi Kashshaf, also played a significant role in the rehabilitation of Musa Jalil.

In 1956 he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and in 1957 he became a laureate of the Lenin Prize. In 1966, the poet’s first anniversary was celebrated, organized on a collective farm named after him, in his homeland, in the village of Mustafino, where many famous writers and relatives from different countries were present.

****

They drove the mothers with their children and forced them to dig a hole, while they themselves stood, a bunch of savages, laughing in hoarse voices. At the edge of the abyss they lined up Powerless women and thin guys. The intoxicated major came and with copper eyes looked around at the doomed... The muddy rain hummed in the foliage of neighboring groves And in the fields, clothed in darkness, And the clouds descended over the ground, Chasing each other furiously... No, I will not forget this day, I will never forget, forever! I saw the rivers crying like children, and Mother Earth sobbing in rage. With my own eyes I saw how the mournful sun, washed with tears, came out into the fields through a cloud, kissed the children for the last time, for the last time... The autumn forest rustled. It seemed that He was now mad. His leaves raged angrily. The darkness was thickening all around. I heard: a powerful oak tree suddenly fell, It fell, emitting a heavy sigh. The children were suddenly seized with fear. They huddled close to their mothers, clinging to their hems. And a sharp sound rang out from the shot, interrupting the curse that escaped the woman alone. A child, a sick little boy, hid his head in the folds of the dress of a woman who was not yet old. She looked, full of horror. How can she not lose her mind? I understood everything, little one understood everything. - Hide me, mommy! Do not die! “He’s crying and, like a leaf, he can’t stop shaking.” The child that is most dear to her, her mother bent down and lifted with both hands, pressed it to her heart, directly against the barrel... - I, mother, want to live. No need, mom! Let me go, let me go! What are you waiting for? - And the child wants to escape from the hands, And the crying is terrible, and the voice is thin, And it pierces the heart like a knife. - Don't be afraid, my boy. Now you can breathe freely. Close your eyes, but don’t hide your head, So that the executioner doesn’t bury you alive. Be patient, son, be patient. It won’t hurt now.” And he closed his eyes. And the blood turned red, writhing down the neck like a red ribbon. Two lives fall to the ground, merging, Two lives and one love! Thunder struck. The wind whistled through the clouds. The earth began to cry in deaf anguish, Oh, how many tears, hot and flammable! My land, tell me, what's wrong with you? You have often seen human grief, You have blossomed for us for millions of years, But have you at least once experienced such shame and such barbarity? My country, your enemies threaten you, But raise the banner of great truth higher, Wash its lands with bloody tears, And let its rays pierce, Let them destroy mercilessly Those barbarians, those savages, That they swallow the blood of children greedily, The blood of our mothers...

Creation

A delegation of scientists and cultural figures headed by prof.
G. Kh. Akhatov (left) at a meeting with Musa Jalil’s family on the day of the 70th anniversary of his birth (in the center is the poet’s widow Amina Khanum with her daughter Chulpan and other family members). Kazan, M. Jalil Apartment Museum, 02/15/1976. The first work was published in 1919 in the military newspaper “Kyzyl Yoldyz” (“Red Star”). In 1925, his first collection of poems and poems “Barabyz” (“We are coming”) was published in Kazan. He wrote 4 librettos for the operas “Altyn chәch” (“Golden-haired”, 1941, music by composer N. Zhiganov) and “Ildar” (1941).

In the 1920s, Jalil wrote on the topics of revolution and civil war (the poem “Traveled Paths”, 1924-1929), the construction of socialism (“Ordered Millions”, 1934; “The Letter Bearer”, 1938)

The popular poem “The Letter Bearer” (“Khat Tashuchy”, 1938, published 1940) shows the working life of the owls. youth, their joys and experiences[13].

In the concentration camp, Jalil continued to write poetry, in total he wrote at least 125 poems, which after the war were transferred to his homeland by his cellmate. For the cycle of poems “The Moabit Notebook” in 1957, Jalil was posthumously awarded the Lenin Prize by the Committee for Lenin and State Prizes in Literature and Art. In 1968, the film “The Moabit Notebook” was made about Musa Jalil.

Posthumous recognition[edit | edit code]

USSR postage stamp, 1966.
USSR postage stamp, 1959. In 1946, the USSR MGB opened a search case against Musa Jalil. He was accused of treason and aiding the enemy. In April 1947, the name of Musa Jalil was included in the list of especially dangerous criminals.

In 1946, former prisoner of war Nigmat Teregulov brought a notebook with sixty poems by Jalil to the Union of Writers of Tatarstan. A year later, a second notebook arrived from the Soviet consulate in Brussels. She was carried out of the Moabit prison by the Belgian resistance member Andre Timmermans. He sat in the same cell with Jalil. At their last meeting, Musa said that he and a group of his comrades would soon be executed, and gave the notebook to Timmermans, asking him to transfer it to his homeland.

There was another collection of poems from Moabit, brought by former prisoner of war Gabbas Sharipov.

In January 1946, a Turkish Tatar citizen, Kazim Mirshan, brought another notebook to the Soviet embassy in Rome. The collection was sent to Moscow, transferred to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, then to the MGB, then to SMERSH.

The “Moabit notebook” fell into the hands of the poet Konstantin Simonov, who organized the translation of Jalil’s poems into Russian, removed the slanderous slander against the poet and proved the patriotic activities of his underground group[14]. An article by K. Simonov about Musa Jalil was published in one of the central newspapers in 1953, after which the triumphant “procession” of the feat of the poet and his comrades into the national consciousness began. His friend, writer Ghazi Kashshaf, also played a significant role in the rehabilitation of Musa Jalil.

In 1956 he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and in 1957 he became a laureate of the Lenin Prize. In 1966, the poet’s first anniversary was celebrated, organized on a collective farm named after him, in his homeland, in the village of Mustafino, where many famous writers and relatives from different countries were present.

Memory

Monument in Kazan

Monument to Musa Jalil on the street of the same name in Moscow.

Monument to Musa Jalil.
Installed on Vasilyevsky Island in St. Petersburg In the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk, Republic of Kazakhstan, a bust of Musa Jalil was installed on Protozanov Street.

The following are named after Musa Jalil:

• village in the Republic of Tatarstan;
• avenues and streets in many cities of the former USSR;
• Tatar Academic State Opera and Ballet Theater in Kazan;
• school No. 1186 with an ethnocultural Tatar bias in education in Moscow, where a monument to the poet was erected[14], and school No. 81 in Chelyabinsk;
• library in Izhevsk;
• cinema in Nizhnekamsk;
• minor planet (in 1972);
• Fund to support the project “Tribute to Memory” named after Musa Jalil.

Museums of Musa Jalil are located in Kazan (M. Gorky St., 17, apt. 28 - the poet lived here in 1940-1941) and in his homeland in Mustafino (Sharlyksky district, Orenburg region)[15].

Monuments to Musa Jalil were erected in Kazan (complex on May 1 Square in front of the Kremlin), Almetyevsk, Menzelinsk, Moscow (opened on October 25, 2008 on Belorechenskaya Street and on August 24, 2012 on the street of the same name (illustrated)

), Nizhnekamsk (opened on August 30, 2012), Nizhnevartovsk (opened on September 25, 2007), Naberezhnye Chelny, Orenburg, St. Petersburg (opened on May 19, 2011), Tosno (opened on November 9, 2012)[16], Chelyabinsk ( opened on October 16, 2020)[17], Astrakhan (opened on May 13, 2020 in Student Square not far from Astrakhan State University[18].

On the wall of the arched gate of the broken 7th counterguard in front of the Mikhailovsky Gate of the Daugavpils Fortress (Daugavpils, Latvia), where from September 2 to October 15, 1942, Musa was kept in the camp for Soviet prisoners of war "Stalag-340" Jalil, a memorial plaque has been installed. The text is provided in Russian and Latvian. Also engraved on the board are the words of the poet: “I have always dedicated songs to the Fatherland, now I give my life to the Fatherland...”.

The opera “Jalil” by composer Nazib Zhiganov (libretto by A. Faizi, 1957), the story “Countrymen” by Sagit Agish (1964), and the book “Through Forty Deaths” (1960) by Yu. M. Korolkov are dedicated to the poet.

In 1968, the Komsomol Prize of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic named after Musa Jalil was established, awarded for the best works to young authors. In 1991, the awarding of the prize was suspended. In 1997, the prize was restored by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Tatarstan “On approval of the Republican Prize named after Musa Jalil” dated February 14, 1997[19].

Bibliography

• Musa Jalil.
  Works in three volumes / Kashshaf G. - Kazan, 1955-1956 (in Tatar language).
• Musa Jalil.
  Essays. - Kazan, 1962.
• Musa Jalil.
  Selected / Ganiev V. - M.: Fiction, 1966.
• Musa Jalil.
  Favorites. - M., 1976.
• Musa Jalil.
  Selected works / Mustafin R. - Publishing house "Soviet Writer". Leningrad branch, 1979.
• Musa Jalil. A fire over a cliff. - M., Pravda, 1987. - 576 pp., 500,000 copies.
• Musa Jalil. Moabit notebooks = Moabit dәftәrlәre. - Kazan: Tatarstan Kitap Nashriyati, 2000. - 215 p.; ISBN 5-298-00656-6.
• Musa Jalil. Last song. - Kazan: Taglimat, 2006. - 209 p.; ISBN 5-8399-0135-0.

Notes

1. ↑ 1 2 German National Library, Berlin State Library, Bavarian State Library, etc.
   Record #118962671 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012-2016. https://wikidata.org/Track:Q27302″>https://wikidata.org/Track:Q304037″>https://wikidata.org/Track:Q256507″>https://wikidata.org/Track:Q170109 ″>https://wikidata.org/Track:Q36578″>
2. Shalamov V. Student Musa Zalilov (story).
3. Gerodnik Gennady Iosifovich.
   My front ski track. - Sverdlovsk: Middle-Ural, 1987.
4. Musa Jalil is 108 years old.
5. Contemptuous of the guillotine.
6. The life and work of Musa Jalil.
7. Ibatullin T.
   Military captivity: causes, consequences. - St. Petersburg, 1997.
8. Numerov N.V. Golden Star of the Gulag.
9. Masks of General Vlasov. Interview with candidate of historical sciences, priest Vasily Sekachev
10. Andrey Sidorchik, “Arguments and Facts” newspaper.
    Notebook from Moabit. The last feat of Musa Jalil. aif.ru (02/15/2016). Retrieved October 8, 2020. Archived February 15, 2016.
11. Vyacheslav Avanesov, Newspaper “Kurgan and Kurgan” No. 146.
    Musa Jalil: “Live, brother!” kikonline.ru (December 28, 2015). Retrieved September 23, 2020. Archived December 28, 2020.
12. The beginning of the poem “Spring”, 1937.
13. G. Kh. Akhatov. Phraseological phrases in Musa Jalil’s poem “The Scribe.” / Zh. “Soviet school”. - Kazan, 1977, No. 5 (in Tatar)
14. GOU secondary school No. 1186 Archival copy dated November 14, 2012 on the Wayback Machine.
15. Newspaper “Book Review” 2013, No. 9.
16. The grand opening of the monument to the hero of the Soviet Union Musa Jalil took place in Tosno. Archival copy dated September 26, 2020 on the Wayback Machine.
17. A monument to Musa Jalil was unveiled near the Pushkin cinema in Chelyabinsk
18. [Opening of the monument to Musa Jalil in Astrakhan]
19. Musa Jalil Award. millattashlar.ru. Retrieved February 15, 2020.

Literature

• Bikmukhamedov R.
  Musa Jalil. Critical and biographical essay. - M., 1957.
• Gosman H.
  Tatar poetry of the twenties. - Kazan, 1964 (in Tatar).
• Vozdvizhensky V.
  History of Tatar Soviet literature. - M., 1965.
• Fayzi A.
  Memories of Musa Jalil. - Kazan, 1966.
• Barskaya K. A.
  Musa Jalil. - Leningrad: Enlightenment, 1968.
• Akhatov G. Kh.
  About the language of Musa Jalil / “Socialist Tatarstan”. - Kazan, 1976, No. 38 (16727), February 15.
• Akhatov G. Kh.
  Phraseological phrases in Musa Jalil’s poem “The Letter Bearer”. / Zh. “Soviet school”. - Kazan, 1977, No. 5 (in Tatar).
• Mustafin R.A.
  In the footsteps of the poet-hero. Search book. - M.: Soviet writer, 1976.
• Korolkov Yu.M.
  Forty deaths later. - M.: Young Guard, 1960.
• Korolkov Yu.M.
  Life is a song. The life and struggle of the poet Musa Jalil. - M.: Gospolitizdat, 1959.
• Mustafin R.A.
  Musa Jalil: Life and work: The pre-war period.. - Kazan: Tatar. book publishing house, 1986.

Underground fighter Bushmanov behind enemy lines. Official biography

I will begin the publication with letters from Colonel Nikolai Stepanovich Bushmanov (1901-1977), head of the underground anti-Nazi organization “Berlin Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)”.

Briefly about him. A native of the Perm province. He joined the Red Army in 1918. During the Civil War - platoon commander, fought against Kolchak and Wrangel, wounded three times. In 1933 he was enrolled in the Military Academy named after. Frunze (Main Intelligence Directorate). Since 1937 - major, senior teacher of tactics at the special faculty of the academy. Since January 1941 - head of the department of history of the civil war at the academy, candidate of military sciences. He spoke four languages.

In 1941 - head of the operational department of the headquarters of the 32nd Army. In October 1941, near Vyazma, he was captured. The Germans knew who they were dealing with and put him in Moabit prison. Bushmanov “agreed” to cooperate and taught propagandist courses in Wolheide throughout 1942. Since March 1943, he held the position of assistant to the head of the Dabendorf school of the ROA (“Eastern Department of Special Purpose Propaganda”). By the summer of 1943, he created an extensive international underground organization, the Berlin Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), which launched active work throughout Germany. Anti-fascists carried out sabotage and sabotage in German factories. Musa Jalil and the son of the Soviet biologist N.V., who worked in Germany, were associated with Bushmanov’s organization. Timofeev-Resovsky Dmitry.

Arrested on June 30, 1943. With a death sentence he was transferred to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, then again to Moabit prison. In April 1945, he was sent on a “death march” to the Baltic Sea coast, where he was liberated by American troops. In the USSR he was sentenced to 10 years in the camps. Released on December 5, 1954, rehabilitated in 1958. Died in Moscow on June 11, 1977.

Links

• Musa Jalil. Website "Heroes of the Country".
• Biography of Musa Jalil.
• Rafael Mustafin. Musa Jalil is a poet-warrior, poet-hero.
• "Idel-Ural". Chuvash and Tatars in the lair of the Nazis.
• Trust me, Motherland.
• About “Kurmashev and ten others” executed in Berlin for “undermining the military power” of the German Reich.
• Museum-apartment of M. Jalil in Kazan (inaccessible link).
• Poems by Musa Jalil.
• Poems by Musa Jalil. (Tatar.).
• Poems by Musa Jalil. (Tatar), (Russian).